posted on: October 19, 2020
An exact death toll proved elusive in the ensuing chaos. Video footage showed some cars crushed by heaps of fallen bricks. Some of their walls crumbled, with showers of bricks cascading onto the street, some crushing parked cars as they fell. The depth of the earthquake was relatively shallow, about 10 kilometres below the surface of the Canterbury Plains. New Zealand is in a region of extraordinary geological activity called the Ring of Fire, which stretches from Indonesia to the coast of Chile. Christchurch and surrounding areas have experienced major earthquakes since a 7.1 magnitude earthquake on 4 September 2010. (Aftershocks map link). We have no power, which is a problem across [Christchurch]. The islands are shaken by noticeable tremors on average twice every three days. A powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck New Zealand's South Island last night, causing widespread damage to buildings, although there were few injuries. The powerful earthquake was felt throughout the South Island and lower North Island, with a few scattered reports from as far north as Auckland. In the early hours of Saturday morning on 4 September 2010, people in Christchurch and the surrounding Canterbury region were jolted awake by the most damaging earthquake in New Zealand since the deadly magnitude 7.8 Hawke's Bay (Napier) earthquake in 1931. On the south island, where Tuesday's earthquake struck, the Pacific and Australasian plates slip past each other horizontally, producing the enormous Alpine fault that runs down the western flank of the island. No deaths have been reported so far but doctors at Christchurch Hospital said they had treated two men with serious injuries. "It was like the house got hit. The earthquake that brought death and destruction to Christchurch on Tuesday was almost certainly an aftershock of a larger quake that rocked New Zealand on 3 September last year. During the first day after the earthquake, the aftershocks were clustered close to the east-west fault trace across the Canterbury Plains. The earthquake occurred on New Zealand’s South Island, 10km west of Christchurch, at 12.51pm on 22nd February 2011 and lasted just 10 seconds. It occurred nearly six months after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. A case study of an earthquake in a HIC.. What caused the Christchurch earthquake? There was one important difference - this time there has been no loss of life. However, the lack of casualties was mainly due to New Zealand's strict building codes, which aim to ensure that buildings do not become deathtraps in a major quake. David Rothery at the Open University's volcano dynamics group, said: "The magnitude 6.3 earthquake was a very large aftershock following the 3 September magnitude 7.0 earthquake. This earthquake produced a visible rent across the landscape that allowed scientists to directly measure the movement of the longest fault segment, the Greendale Fault. Relative to the fault trace, the region north of the fault has moved eastward while the region south of the fault has moved westward. State of emergency declared after earthquake with magnitude of 7.0 strikes 19 miles west of Christchurch, Earthquake damage: buildings in Christchurch, 19 miles from the epi-centre, demonstrate the power of the tremors. But while last year's earthquake was more energetic, it struck in the early hours of the morning, some 48km outside the city. Because they are so close to the city, they have been felt particularly strongly. For every 10 earthquakes on the planet, nine are in this region. We're listening to reports on a wind-up radio. However, closer to the foothills of the Southern Alps, there is evidence of some upward vertical movement. Associated with this are many fault segments. The quake hit 19 miles west of the city, on the east coast of the island, at 4.35am local time. ShakingThe earthquake produced the strongest earthquake ground-shaking ever recorded in New Zealand, with the ground near the epicentre moving up 1.25 times the acceleration due to gravity. Muddy mixtures of sand and silt squirted upward through cracks to produce miniature sand volcanoes. The zone of aftershocks thus has expanded over time, so it now stretches over 60 kilometres. The ground above the liquidised layers spread laterally, cracking the ground, footpaths, roads, and houses. Tuesday's earthquake was recorded at magnitude 6.3, or roughly 11 times weaker, but it was enough to raze buildings already damaged by the previous earthquake and later aftershocks. Christchurch, which has a population of around 400,000 people, was then rocked with a series of sharp aftershocks. There have been local reports that some people many have been trapped in damaged houses. Liquid silt has gushed up through cracks in the surface - Photos by Nicola Litchfield. There was one important difference - this time there has been no loss of life. Brick chimneys became a danger to homes, as they toppled through roofs. / Canterbury quake Damaged brick building on Victoria Street in Christchurch - Photo by Ian Chan. The magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred at 4:36 am and was caused by movement of the land along a pre-existing faultline buried deep beneath the Canterbury Plains. The buildings that fared worst in the shaking were those built of brick and masonry. It is buried under the gravels that were deposited on the plains at the end of the last glaciation, about 16,000 years ago. Christchurch airport was also closed as a precaution while runways were safety checked. Christchurch quake was aftershock from 2010, scientists say This article is more than 9 years old. LiquefactionDamage has been heavy in Kaiapoi and some of Christchurch's eastern suburbs, where the shaking has disturbed the underlying ground. "It was very alarming. Creeping movement may slowly extend along sections of the fault that didn't move initially. Christchurch is built on the edge of the Canterbury Plains, which are made up of deep layers of sediments deposited by rivers draining from the Southern Alps. Christchurch Earthquake Case Study. Aftershocks from a major earthquake usually continue for many days or weeks after the initial quake. / Natural Hazards and Risks The quake that hit on Tuesday was more devastating for several reasons: it was shallower, much closer to Christchurch and arrived in the middle of local lunchtime at 12.51pm. For example, a magnitude 5.1 aftershock near Lyttelton on the morning of September 8th caused some new damage in Christchurch. She said some buildings had collapsed, there was no power and the mobile telephone network had failed. In the early hours of Saturday morning on 4 September 2010, people in Christchurch and the surrounding Canterbury region were jolted awake by the most damaging earthquake in New Zealand since the deadly magnitude 7.8 Hawke's Bay (Napier) earthquake in 1931. Hundreds of aftershocks have occurred since the main quake on the morning of September 4th. Police Inspector Alf Stewart told the station that some people had been arrested for looting. / Our Science At the eastern end, aftershocks now extend into the southern suburbs of Christchurch and beneath the Port Hills. Earthquakes are not rare in New Zealand. Silt from layers below oozed upward, extruding out from under house foundations and surrounding the homes with thick layers of mud. 2010 Haiti earthquake, large-scale earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010, in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Water and sewer pipes in the ground broke and water from the cracked mains flooded many streets. Luck played a part - the quake occurred at a time when everyone was home in bed and the streets were largely deserted. The quake epicentre was 40 kilometres west of Christchurch city, southeast of the town of Darfield. Sadly, some historical buildings, including churches built of stone, suffered major damage, although Christchurch Cathedral survived with minor cracks. I've never felt anything like it.". The earthquake is thus officially called the Darfield earthquake. Fortunately, the movement of the earth had occurred too far inland to disturb the ocean floor, so there was no tsunami. The Haitian government’s official count was … One was hit by a falling chimney and was in intensive care, while a second was seriously hurt after being cut by glass, a hospital spokeswoman said. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. "There is a row of shops completely demolished right in front of me," she told the Stuff news website. There are some mapped faults in the region, but the fault rupture occurred along a previously unknown east-west faultline. Coarser gravels are common further inland, but close to the coast there are many layers of finer-grained sediment, such as sand, silt and clay. Home Finding the fault lineThe earthquake happened in an area that has previously had few earthquakes compared to other parts of the South Island. Other, hopefully smaller, aftershocks are to be expected. ", Last September's New Zealand earthquake was more energetic but caused less damage, Tuesday’s earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand was recorded at magnitude 6.3, greater than many buildings could withstand.
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