posted on: October 19, 2020
War is not over, a nation’s desire to impose its will remains; it simply does not require the use of armed conflict to achieve its goals. This rests on a number of presumptions about the nature of strategy which are probably untenable. This paper attempts to open the aperture through which strategic leaders view the concept of war by reviewing the traditional definitions of war, analyzing the environment in which wars are fought today, and then offering a new, more expansive, definition of the term. He is defining "war" as an activity not requiring fighting or violence. to bring about sufficient adherence to a nation’s will: in this definition war remains as Clausewitz described, “an act of policy” and the ultimate goal of war remains to impose a nation’s will on its enemies. In war, nation-states and non-state actors utilize all means available; diplomacy, economic influence (including multi-national corporations and non-governmental organizations), information operations, social influence, and educational influence as well as military force in order to encourage adherence to their will. Traditional definitions of war centered on a nation’s “war effort” are usually directed via the application of the armed forces and in limited cases via diplomacy (Kautilya/Clausewitz). Those that act outside those norms are not combatants but criminals. "War" today can be described as the attempt -- using all means available to a society -- to convince and/or compel other societies to adopt one's foreign way of life and one's foreign way of governance. We keep wanting to define everything based upon some American standard as if that will be the way the World views the situation or as if that will be the way our Enemies and or Competitors will view the situation. The latter are “violent conflicts (…) that do not entirely fulfil the criteria of a war.”. violent conflicts between two states; Asymmetric wars between one state and one non-state party. No. A corollary to this thought is the question, at what point will a nation apply the most dire means available, military force, to achieve its national will? We have been in numerous conflicts where we have lost thousands of men where war was not declared. Maybe we should replace efforts short of war with a new term other than Cold War that means conflict short of war? The most known and influential approach was developed by David Singer and Melvin Small in the framework of the ‘Correlates of War (COW)’ project at Michigan University. Internally, this furthers the theory of “one voice” by clarifying the objectives to all entities. We must begin to develop an understanding that the costs of a conflict above that of sunk costs must produce material benefit to this nation or preclude a future major conflict of devastating proportions to worth the added costs. The question again, does war require violence or does the definition depend on the objectives of the competing parties? War- 1) armed conflict between groups of people, 2) state on state armed conflict, 3) declared state of armed conflict between states or pseudo-states, 4) all activities that encompass competition between groups- usually states- that attempt to bring about change, 5) attempts at cultural change, 6) the natural state of the world, 7) an extreme state that is not natural- but exists during times of conflict in which natural and civilized norms are suspended, 8) an organized attempt to force unwanted change on others, others---?
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