posted on: October 19, 2020
relevant to well-publicized reports concerning the importation of aluminium A variant of the Blix: I think primarily little attention to the United Nations and what it does up in New York and more attention to the huge organization that is the U.S. military force. A document indicating that Iraq had used fewer chemical munitions during the Iran-Iraq war than it had previously stated. In the missile Which is hardly plausible for a whole stock of chemical weapons for a country, but there could have been some. At the recent meeting in Baghdad, as on several earlier occasions, my colleague Dr. ElBaradei and I have urged the Iraqi side to enact legislation implementing the UN prohibitions regarding weapons of mass destruction. It's possible-the mystique of maybe having some biological weapons, maybe they're playing around. It's conceivable, but it's the worst case scenario, as it were. It's legitimate for them to play with that.
Keyword searches may also use the operators And this was an area in which we were really looking at for things. I take my instructions from them, I read every ounce of criticism that came from the council. procurement information, interviews, defectors, open sources, intelligence or
Iraq itself must squarely tackle this task and avoid belittling the questions. Blix: Well, I think that there are biologists that learned more about [the Iraqi] biological program.
I have reminded the Inspections of The presentation of intelligence information by the US Secretary of State suggested that Iraq had prepared for inspections by cleaning up sites and removing evidence of proscribed weapons programmes.
The inspections have taken place throughout Iraq at industrial sites, ammunition depots, research centres, universities, presidential sites, mobile laboratories, private houses, missile production facilities, military camps and agricultural sites. To these question marks, nearly four years Well our scientists were skeptical about it, but we were willing to go along and try the experiment. I mean, the chances that inspectors will catch anybody red-handed are not very great.
On the contrary, I think I felt support and appreciation. And I wouldn't answer it at the time, kept both possibilities open. These interviews proved informative.
Because they suffered through sanctions all the way through.
and evaluated by UNMOVIC. They might have had the expertise to make a bomb, yes, but even that would have required some infrastructure, so the matter of intervention to prevent further development in the nuclear field was probably the weakest; it was the most important area, I agree, but it was the weakest. And others would have said, "They are really cooperating now, there are no problems." In the chemical field, we were interested in explanations about VX and whether it was stabilized or not stabilized. UNMOVIC was created with the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1284 in December 1999. The list of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC, Dr. Hans Blix .
It was there to explain how South Africa gained the confidence of the world in its dismantling of the nuclear weapons programme, by a wholehearted cooperation over two years with IAEA inspectors. laid down in resolution 687 (1991) and many subsequent resolutions. UN Resolution 1441 was an actual enhancement of previous United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 and provided: "that Iraq shall provide UNMOVIC and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) immediate, unimpeded, unconditional, and unrestricted access to any and all, including underground, areas, facilities, buildings, equipment, records, and means of transport which they wish to inspect, as well as immediate, unimpeded, unrestricted, and private access to all officials and other persons whom UNMOVIC or the IAEA wish to interview in the mode or location of UNMOVIC's or the IAEA's choice pursuant to any aspect of their mandates".[4][5]. ACT: It's not a question of different intelligence methods of gathering things or political pressures or other factors? activities at sites seek to establish the operational objectives of sites. With respect to the casting chambers, I note the following: UNSCOM ordered and supervised the destruction of the casting chambers, which had been intended for use in the production of the proscribed Badr-2000 missile system. Blix: Well, of course, if you count Kamel as a defector, which he was, this was a very valuable source of documents. no conclusions concerning the tubes, and further investigation of this will be
We have continued to build up our capabilities. evidence. In most cases, the issues Iraq has also The problem was rather that the U.S. or elsewhere-I don't want to distinguish between the various intelligence agencies-that they did not lead us to interesting sites. This was almost arrogant--that was our view, maybe we were mistaken in this judgment, but that was how we saw it, and similarly when they gave us 400 names, we had more names ourselves. At certain sites, ground-penetrating radar was used to look for underground structures or buried equipment. relevant to well-publicized reports concerning the importation of aluminium If they were to produce hydrogen, as they say, for weather balloons, was that a dual-use item at all? I agree that containment has its drawbacks. available, our analysts have been fully occupied preparing the working version UNMOVIC nie może wysłać do Iraku również kontrole w listopadzie 2002 roku, po Rozdzielczość 1441 została podjęta. These projects will need to be investigated They were both correct and effective. If anyone had cared, in the military circles, to study what UNSCOM [United Nations Special Commission] was saying for quite a number of years, and what we were saying, they should not have assumed that they would stumble on weapons.
However, we do not believe we were penetrated by the Iraqis here or in the Canal hotel. be noted that much of what Iraq has provided in the weapons part of its Hans Blix: No, that would be very presumptuous of us to have any such message to anybody.
who have only had the working version one day and who are about to begin their for example, destroyed warheads, is required to give confidence that Iraqs It was declared--either the sites were declared or the weapons were declared. So we had experience that the Iraqis did move things around on trucks, but whether they were live things or debris, that was another matter. By contrast, the task of "disarmament" foreseen in resolution 687 (1991) and the progress on "key remaining disarmament tasks" foreseen in resolution 1284 (1999) as well as the "disarmament obligations", which Iraq was given a "final opportunity to comply with" under resolution 1441 (2002), were always required to be fulfilled in a shorter time span. Blix: I would say that we have - we showed something that was not a foregone conclusion. destruction in Iraq, when inspectors left at the end of 1998 and that none have But they were not - it was not an honest report that they had. It would not have been politically possible to move in that direction before this disaster. Hans Blix: No, we have not. Register for updates, breaking news and other arms control related information. that had previously been destroyed under UNSCOM supervision, under Council Valuable particularly regarding missiles, a priority for which you have no international organization. Amir Al Sadi: It is regulated by a Memorandum of Understanding and it is also referred to in the Security Council resolutions and that remains valid.
chemical warfare agents. And so there was an effort, but whether this was an attempt to throw more dust in our eyes, or whether it was a genuine desperation on their part, that they had no other evidence, we don't know. 1. Blix: Well, in the early stages, there was not so much intelligence, and we asked for it from Colin Powell and others-Condoleezza Rice-and we were sure that we would get it. The reported movement of munitions at the site could just as easily have been a routine activity as a movement of proscribed munitions in anticipation of imminent inspection. discussions. The results to date have been consistent with Iraq's declarations. And, as of January-some time around January, I guess-I did not also complain about the number of sites intelligence that we were getting. In such cases, no
Namely, that it was possible to create an international inspection mechanism that was effective, that worked under the Security Council, and that was independent of intelligence agencies but cooperated with them and had assistance from them. Question: Mr. Blix, what's the key difference now from 1998 when the inspections last ended when they were blocked, when they were being hampered? explicitly on the ground that they expected the request to come. Iraq disputed the UNSCOM
One is the verification of disarmament. Blix: That's true. While in most be sealed overnight and the offices inspected the next morning.
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