posted on: October 19, 2020
A total of 4243 corpses were excavated, 2730 of which were recognised as Kozelsk prisoners, testifying to the Soviet crime. We sent neutral journalists and Polish intellectuals to the spot where they were found. I am convinced of this by the very fact that I was able to travel here. It was only in 1994 that the Ukrainian authorities released a list of 3435 prisoners (including 50 women) shot in western Ukraine. Unveiled in 2000, it is in a park east of the city's centre, near the Racławice Panorama building. The cases of POWs and prisoners sentenced to death were to be dealt with in absentia by a special NKVD troika chaired by Beria’s deputy, Vsevolod Merkulov. Katyń. ed. Having retaken the Katyn area almost immediately after the Red Army had recaptured Smolensk, the Soviet Union, led by the MKVD, began a cover-up. The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest Massacre, was a mass execution of Polish citizens by the order of Soviet authorities in 1940. The state censorship suppressed all information on it, people who had been involved in the German investigation were persecuted and the families of the victims could not cultivate the memory of their beloved ones. It seems very important to me that the truth should be spoken about what took place, for only with the truth can the new Soviet leadership distance itself from the crimes of Stalin and the NKVD.
On the opposing sides there are allegations that the massacre was part of wider action coordinated by Nazi Germany and Soviet Union, or that Germans at least knew of the massacre beforehand. ), Piotr Skuratowicz, Mieczysław Smorawiński, and Alojzy Wir-Konas (promoted posthumously).
The Soviet Union continued to deny responsibility for the massacres until 1990, when it acknowledged that the NKVD had in fact committed the massacres of over 22, 000 Polish soldiers and intelligentsia and the subsequent cover-up. The following transports were no greater than 250 people. "Roncesvalles Village Commemorates Tragedy in Poland", "Wroclaw Statues — Monument to the Victims of the Katyń Massacre", "Katyń: Otwarcie polskiego cmentarza wojennego", https://www.polygraph.info/a/katyn-poland-russia/30601790.html, Katyn remembered at Cannock Chase on 70th anniversary, "Tadeusz Lesisz: Pole who sailed with the Royal Navy and saw action on", "Polish-American Artist Among Victims of Plane Crash", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Katyn_massacre_memorials&oldid=967971467, Lists of monuments and memorials by subject, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "[T]wo plaques in Tver commemorating the Katyn massacre -- one in Russian, the other in Polish -- were placed on the façade" of, This page was last edited on 16 July 2020, at 12:25. [46] In 1989 Soviet scholars revealed that Joseph Stalin had indeed ordered the massacre, and in 1990 Mikhail Gorbachev admitted that the NKVD had executed the Poles and confirmed two other burial sites similar to the site at Katyn: Mednoje and Pyatikhatki.[47].
Their testimony might have lessened the tragic fate that befell Poland under the Soviets, some scholars believe. That episode is one that is going to cause us quite a little trouble in the future. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article [32] The camps were located at Jukhnovo (Babynino rail station), Yuzhe (Talitsy), Kozelsk, Kozelshchyna, Oranki, Ostashkov (Stolbnyi Island on Seliger Lake near Ostashkov), Tyotkino rail station (near Putyvl), Starobielsk, Vologda (Zaenikevo rail station), and Gryazovets. Katyn was a forbidden topic in postwar Poland. 13 of the Politburo of the Central Committee meeting. The fact that the Soviet government has enabled me to be here—and the Soviets know my views—is symbolic of the breach with Stalinism that perestroika represents. On October 30, 1989, Gorbachev allowed a delegation of several hundred Poles, organized by a Polish association named Families of Katyń Victims, to visit the Katyn memorial. The policemen were to be sentenced to labour camp terms, and the army officers were to be partially released or also brought to justice for “counterrevolutionary activity”.
For example, in Wrocław, a composition by Polish sculptor Tadeusz Tchórzewski is dedicated to the Katyn victims. The approximate distribution of men at the camps was as follows: Kozelsk, 5,000; Ostashkov, 6,570; and Starobelsk, 4,000.
Dr. Joseph Goebbels saw this discovery as an excellent tool to drive a wedge between Poland, Western Allies, and the Soviet Union. Near Smolensk, the Poles, with their hands tied behind their backs, were led to the graves and shot in the neck. The resulting Polish-Soviet crisis was beginning to threaten the vital alliance with the Soviet Union at a time when the Poles' importance to the Allies, essential in the first years of the war, was beginning to fade. Март 1940 г. The list of those who were executed includes policemen, military personnel, members of the social elite, and political activists – not only ethnic Poles: about 20 percent of the names on the “Ukrainian list” sound like Ukrainian or Jewish. April 2020. "The Katyn Massacre and Polish-Soviet relations 1941-1943,". But the efforts to politically re-educate them turned out unsuccessful, and the NKVD reported about their patriotism, eagerness to fight for Poland’s independence, and refusal to collaborate. Executions took place in Kiev (with the burial place in Bykivnia) and probably in Kharkiv and Kherson. The Polish Government official statement on April 17, 1943.
In private, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed that the atrocity was likely carried out by the Soviets. After consulting with Elmer Davis, the director of the Office of War Information, Roosevelt rejected that conclusion, saying that he was convinced of Nazi Germany's responsibility, and ordered Earle's report suppressed. On 13 April 1940, 61,000 of them were forcibly resettled to northern Kazakhstan, where many died of malnutrition and disease.
[2], In South Africa, a memorial in Johannesburg commemorates the victims of Katyn, as well as South African and Polish airmen who flew missions from southern Italy to Poland to drop supplies over Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising. Three more were tried on the same charges; E.P. The majority of rank-and-file soldiers and non-commissioned officers were released after a few weeks, and officers were concentrated in two prisoners of war (POW) camps – in Starobelsk in eastern Ukraine and in Kozelsk south-west of Moscow.
Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
The burial place of prisoners who may have been shot in Kherson is still unknown. "[3] Since Poland's conscription system required every un-exempted university graduate to become a reserve officer, the Soviets were thus able to round up much of the Polish, Jewish, Ukrainian, Georgian, and Belarusian intelligentsias of Polish citizenship.[4]. Russian journalists discovered burial places of victims of Stalinist repressions at Piatikhatki, Mednoe and Bykivnia, while historians reached some NKVD archival documentation. . In Poland, Communist authorities covered up the matter in concord with Soviet propaganda, deliberately censoring any sources that might shed some light on the Soviet crime. On 13 April 1943, the German radio broadcast a message about mass graves found in Katyn. ", The resolution also stressed that the authorities of the Russian Federation "seek to diminish the burden of this crime by refusing to acknowledge it was genocide and refuse to give access to the records of the investigation into the issue, making it difficult to determine the whole truth about the murder and its perpetrators.
Despite the official recognition of responsibility for the Katyn crime by the authorities of the USSR and the Russian Federation, negationist publications have been increasingly frequent in Russia in recent years. People from Kozelsk were murdered in the usual mass murder site of Smolensk country, called Katyn Forest, people from Starobielsk were murdered in the inner NKVD prison of Kharkov and the bodies were buried near Pyatikhatki, and police officers from Ostashkov were murdered in the inner NKVD prison of Kalinin (Tver) and buried in Miednoje [60] Prosecution team head Leon Kieres said they would try to identify those involved in ordering and carrying out the killings. The first transport on April 4, 1940, carried 390 people, and the executioners had a hard time killing so many people during one night. Incomparably less is known about the fate of the executed political prisoners.
Преступление против человечества, Москва 1994.
Катынь. This was part of an organised effort to eradicate the military, political and intellectual leadership of Poland and a series of executions in various other locations removed some 22,000 Poles from their loved ones and their nation. After Poles and Americans discovered further evidence in 1991 and 1992, Russian President Boris Yeltsin released and transferred to the new Polish president, former Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa, top-secret documents from the sealed package no. On April 13 Berlin Radio broadcast to the world that the German military forces in the Katyn forest near Smolensk had uncovered "a ditch ... 28 meters long and 16 meters wide, in which the bodies of three thousand Polish officers were piled up in 12 layers.
[8][9] During the period of the Cold War, successive British governments objected to plans by the UK's Polish community to build a major monument to commemorate the massacre.
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